![]() Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.While works can be downloaded and shared they cannot be used commercially. An example credit would be: "Courtesy of (senior author's name), Reconstructive Review, JISRF, Chagrin Falls, Ohio". This license allows anyone to download works, build upon the material, and share them with others for non-commercial purposes as long as they credit the senior author, Reconstructive Review, and the Joint Implant Surgery & Research Foundation (JISRF). Reconstructive Review follows the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial CC BY-NC. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.Īuthors who publish with the Reconstructive Review agree to the following terms: Journal of the American Medical Association Surgery. The Toll of Death and Disability From Traumatic Injury in the United States-The “Neglected Disease” of Modern Society, Still Neglected After 50 Years. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine. Accessibility, accountability, affordability: healthcare policy in orthopedic trauma. Journal of the American Medical Association. Access to Trauma Centers in the United States. 2016 30.īranas CC, MacKenzie EJ, Williams JC, Schwab CW, Teter HM, Flanigan MC, et al. Operating Room Efficiency: Benefits of an Orthopaedic Traumatologist at a Level II Trauma Center. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. Rural Level III centers in an inclusive trauma system reduce the need for interfacility transfer. Galanis DJ, Steinemann S, Rosen L, Bronstein AC, Biffl WL. Quantifying geographic barriers to trauma care: Urban-rural variation in prehospital mortality. Jarman MP, Hashmi Z, Zerhouni Y, Udyavar R, Newgard C, Ali S, et al. Rural risk: geographic disparities in trauma mortality. Jarman MP, Castillo RC, Carlini AR, Kodadek LM, Haider AH. Disparities in Access to Trauma Care in the United States: A Population-Based Analysis. 2014 260(1):13-21.Ĭarr B, Bowman A, Wolff C, Mullen MT, Holena D, Branas CC, et al. Increasing Trauma Deaths in the United States. Rhee P, Joseph B, Pandit V, Aziz H, Vercruysse G, Kulvatunyou N, et al. Geographic Distribution of Trauma Centers and Injury Related Mortality in the United States. American College of Surgeons 2014.īrown JB, Rosengart MR, Billiar TR, Peitzman AB, Sperry JL. Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient. Possible improvements to rural trauma care include bolstering the quality of care in Level III trauma centers, increasing Level II center efficiency through the involvement of orthopedic traumatologists, placing medical helicopter bases in more strategic locations that enable transport teams to reach other trauma centers faster, building more Level I and Level II trauma centers, and converting Level III centers into either Level I or Level II centers.Ĭommittee on Trauma - American College of Surgeons. Improvements in access to high-tier traumatic care must occur in order to reduce mortality due to traumatic injuries in underserved rural areas. Therefore, these areas tend to have a greater mortality rate in relation to traumatic injuries. ![]() Furthermore, trauma centers tend to be widely dispersed with respect to rural areas. Level III to Level V trauma centers tend to be dominantly situated in rural and underserved areas. However, there is a major inequity in access to trauma centers across the United States, especially amongst rural residents. Level V trauma centers are the least comprehensive, providing minimal 24-hour care and resuscitation, and Level I trauma centers are the most comprehensive, accepting the most severely injured patients and always delivering care through the use of an attending surgeon. These trauma centers are classified into five different levels: Level I to Level V. Trauma centers in the United States focus on providing care to patients who have suffered injuries and may require critical care. Trauma centers, rural access, disparities, orthopedics, traumatologists, surgeons Abstract ![]()
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